But
the party animals I’m referring to are the mascots of the two political parties
of the Republicans and the Democrats. The elephant is the well-known symbol of
the Republicans, and the donkey is like-wise the symbol of the Democrats. So
where did these two figures come from? And why were these two creatures the
chosen beasts-of-choice? This is where the story has some interesting twists
and turns.
You
have to go way back to the earlier part of the 1800s to discover the first uses
of these animals in representing their party’s image before the American
public. When Andrew Jackson was running for the presidency in 1828, his opponents
referred to him as a “jackass.” As often is the case in history, the derogatory
name used by ones opponents becomes the name of the movement. Seizing on the pejorative
term, Jackson, a Democrat, selected the donkey as his symbol, admiring its strong-willed
temperament. The donkey was so effectively embraced by Jackson that he used it to
represent the Democratic Party on posters in 1837. Jackson was also known for
being stubborn and hard-headed – traits usually associated with a donkey. I
guess you could say that Andrew Jackson rode this imagery all the way to the
presidency. Besides the posters of 1837, a cartoon was published depicting
Jackson, now retired, seated on a stubborn donkey, attempting unsuccessfully to
get the donkey to go a certain direction. Jackson considered himself the
self-acclaimed leader of the Democratic Party. The cartoon was entitled, “A
Modern Balaam and his Ass.”
As
for the elephant, the Republicans adopted this caricature as their party symbol
after it had been used by political cartoonist, Thomas Nast in 1874. Nast, a
dyed-in-the-wool Republican, created a cartoon in which he attempted to put the
Republicans in a bad light due to the suggestion that Republican President
Ulysses S. Grant might consider running for an unprecedented third term as
president. The character in the cartoon representing the Republican vote was an
elephant. The media, along with a complicit and anxious Democratic Party,
lambasted the Republicans, effectively causing many Republican voters to shy
away from voting for Grant. The cartoon also featured a donkey antagonizing a
hapless pachyderm. The images were quickly picked up by the media, and subsequently
the American public, and have been the main identifiers of the two parties ever
since.
“The
Democratic donkey represents hard work, diligence, humbleness and a dedication
to the USA. The Republicans however, strongly disagree and consider the donkey
a symbol of stubbornness.
“On
the other hand, the Republican elephant represents intelligence, dignity and is
considered as the symbol of strength (as it is seen as the only animal that
stood up to a lion). In contrast to this, the Democrats see the elephant as
comparable to a circus animal.” http://blog.logodesignguru.com/democratic-republican-logo-designs/
Artist
and cartoonist, Thomas Nast, was born in 1840 in Germany. He came to the United
States, settling in New York City, where he soon assimilated into the American
way of life. Besides being credited with creating the donkey and elephant symbols
for the two dominant political parties, he became equally as famous for two
other cartoon characters that are loved and revered by young and old alike not
only in America, but throughout the world. Nast did not live long enough to see
the impact of these two images, as he passed away in 1902.
What
are the famous cartoon characters Mr. Nast created that live on today, you ask?
Why, the first one was a red-cheeked, jolly fat man known as Santa Claus! Prior
to Nast’s depiction of Santa as we think of him today, artistic drawings of
Santa showed a slender character without the jovialness of our current Santa.
The
second cartoon character that is part of our American image and legacy is that
of the tall, dignified elderly gentleman we have come to call, Uncle Sam.
So,
whichever party you affiliate with, or you remain party-neutral, you now know
about the origins of the Republican and Democratic Party logos. And you have
the added bonus of knowing that Thomas Nast (re)created the images of Uncle Sam
and Santa Claus.